Born in London UK and emigrated to Israel a month before the declaration of  Independence in 1948 .M.Juris cum laude  of the Hebrew University1957. Served in the Mossad for close to forty years1961- 1995 and 1998-2002.Member of the governing body of the Mossad for 28 years. 1996-1998 Commanded three divisions – two  of them operational. Deputy head of the Mossad 1990-1995. Head of the national security council 2002-2003. Israel Ambassador to the European Union and accredited to NATO 1996-1998. Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies – the Hebrew University 2003-2011 Chairman of the Israel Intelligence  Commemoration Center 2005-2012. Chairman Shazar State center for Jewish history 2008-2018. Dr. Honoris causa for philosophy the Bar Ilan University for his service to national security. Published a memoir named "Man in the Shadows" in English 2006. Later translated into ten languages including Arabic .published by two publishing houses in Beirut and Cairo.